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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Seto dialect</span></span>
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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with the Seto dialect of the <a href="Fon_language" title="Fon language">Fon language</a>.</div>
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</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: #a8fe74;">Seto</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: #a8fe74;"><span title="Võro-language text"><i lang="vro">seto kiil´</i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Native to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Setomaa" title="Setomaa">Setomaa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="Setos" title="Setos">Setos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Native speakers</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">25,080 (2021 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic</a>
<ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li>
<a href="Finnic_languages" title="Finnic languages">Finnic</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="South_Estonian" title="South Estonian">South Estonian</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Ugala<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Ugandi<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="V%C3%B5ro_language" title="Võro language">Võro</a>-Seto<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Seto</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: #a8fe74;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><i><a href="Glottolog" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></i></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/seto1244">seto1244</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;">South Estonian today. Seto is marked with light red colour.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;">Distribution of Seto speakers according to the 2021 census.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">
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<p><b>Seto</b> (<span title="Võro-language text"><i lang="vro">seto kiil´</i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>: <i lang="et">setu keel</i>) is a dialect of <a href="South_Estonian" title="South Estonian">South Estonian</a> spoken by 25,080 people.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is sometimes identified as a variety under <a href="V%C3%B5ro_language" title="Võro language">Võro</a>, or the two are described as Võro-Seto. <a href="Setos" title="Setos">Setos</a> (<span title="Võro-language text"><i lang="vro">setokõsõq</i></span>) mostly inhabit the area near <a href="Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>'s southeastern border with <a href="Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> in <a href="Setomaa" title="Setomaa">Setomaa</a>, and are primarily <a href="Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a>, while <a href="V%C3%B5ros" title="Võros">Võros</a> (<span title="Võro-language text"><i lang="vro">võrokõsõq</i></span>) are traditionally <a href="Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a> and live in historical <a href="V%C3%B5ru_County" title="Võru County">Võru County</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language_sample">Language sample</h2></div>
<p>Article 1 of the <a href="Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>:
</p>
<ul><li>Seto: <span title="Võro-language text"><i lang="vro">Kõik inemiseq sünnüseq vapost ja ütesugumaidsist uma avvo ja õiguisi poolõst. Näile om annõt mudsu ja süämetun'stus ja nä piät ütstõõsõga vele muudu läbi kjauma.</i></span></li>
<li><a href="V%C3%B5ro_language" title="Võro language">Võro</a>: <span title="Võro-language text"><i lang="vro">Kõik inemiseq sünnüseq vapos ja ütesugumaidsis uma avvo ja õiguisi poolõst. Näile om annõt mudsu ja süämetunnistus ja nä piät ütstõõsõga vele muudu läbi käümä.</i></span></li>
<li><a href="Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>: <span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">Kõik inimesed sünnivad vabadena ja võrdsetena oma väärikuselt ja õigustelt. Neile on antud mõistus ja südametunnistus ja nende suhtumist üksteisesse peab kandma vendluse vaim.</i></span></li>
<li><a href="Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>: <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">Kaikki ihmiset syntyvät vapaina ja tasavertaisina arvoltaan ja oikeuksiltaan. Heille on annettu järki ja omatunto, ja heidän on toimittava toisiaan kohtaan veljeyden hengessä.</i></span></li>
<li><a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a>: <i>All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.</i></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://andmed.stat.ee/pxweb/en/stat/stat__rahvaloendus__rel2021__rahvastiku-demograafilised-ja-etno-kultuurilised-naitajad__voorkeeleoskus-murded/RL21446.px/">"RL21446: POPULATION WITH ESTONIAN AS THEIR MOTHER TONGUE BY ABILITY TO SPEAK A DIALECT, AGE GROUP, SEX, AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE (ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT), 31 DECEMBER 2021"</a>. <i>PxWeb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-17</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Seto+language%22&hl=en&lr=&btnG=Search">"Google Scholar"</a>. <i>scholar.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-07-17</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li><cite id="CITEREFEichenbaumPajusalu2001" class="citation journal cs1">Eichenbaum, Külli; Pajusalu, Karl (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digar.ee/arhiiv/et/download/143169">"Setode ja võrokeste keelehoiakutest ja identiteedist"</a>. <i>Keel ja Kirjandus</i>. <b>7</b>: <span class="nowrap">483–</span>489.</cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFEller1999" class="citation book cs1">Eller, Kalle (1999). <i>Võro-Seto Language</i>. Võro Institute. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9985914953</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>
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</style><div id="Languages_of_Estonia108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Languages_of_Estonia" title="Languages of Estonia">Languages of Estonia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Official language</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="South_Estonian" title="South Estonian">South Estonian</a>
<ul><li></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="Tartu_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartu dialect">Tartu</a></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="V%C3%B5ro_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Võro dialect">Võro</a></span></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minority languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="German_language" title="German language">German</a></li>
<li><a href="Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></li>
<li><a href="Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sign languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Estonian_Sign_Language" title="Estonian Sign Language">Estonian Sign Language</a></li>
<li><a href="Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian Sign Language</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Laiuse_Romani_language" title="Laiuse Romani language"> Laiuse Romani</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Uralic_languages421" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Uralic_languages421" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Uralic_languages" title="Uralic languages">Uralic languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="List_of_Uralic_languages" title="List of Uralic languages">List of Uralic languages</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Finnic_languages" title="Finnic languages">Finnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Bjarmian_languages" title="Bjarmian languages">Bjarmian Finnic</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="Laiuse_Romani_language" title="Laiuse Romani language">Laiuse Romani</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Northeastern_coastal_Estonian" title="Northeastern coastal Estonian">Northeastern coastal</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="South_Estonian" title="South Estonian">South Estonian</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="V%C3%B5ro_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Võro dialect">Võro</a></li>
<li><a href="Mulgi_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulgi dialect">Mulgi</a></li>
<li><a href="Tartu_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Tartu dialect">Tartu</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Ludza_dialect" title="Ludza dialect">Ludza</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Kraasna_dialect" title="Kraasna dialect">Kraasna</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Leivu_dialect" title="Leivu dialect">Leivu</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>
<ul><li><a href="American_Finnish" title="American Finnish">Fingelska</a></li>
<li><a href="Kven_language" title="Kven language">Kven</a></li>
<li><a href="Me%C3%A4nkieli" title="Meänkieli">Meänkieli</a></li>
<li><a href="Siberian_Finnish" title="Siberian Finnish">Siberian Finnish</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Ingrian_language" title="Ingrian language">Ingrian</a>
<ul><li><a href="Siberian_Ingrian_Finnish" title="Siberian Ingrian Finnish">Siberian Ingrian Finnish</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a>
<ul><li><a href="Karelian_Proper_language" title="Karelian Proper language">Karelian proper</a></li>
<li><a href="Livvi-Karelian_language" title="Livvi-Karelian language">Livvi</a></li>
<li><a href="Ludic_language" title="Ludic language">Ludic</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Livonian_language" title="Livonian language">Livonian</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="Salaca_Livonian" title="Salaca Livonian">Salaca</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Veps_language" title="Veps language">Veps</a></li>
<li><a href="Votic_language" title="Votic language">Votic</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="Krevinian_dialect" title="Krevinian dialect">Krevinian</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Kukkuzi_dialect" title="Kukkuzi dialect">Kukkuzi</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="S%C3%A1mi_languages" title="Sámi languages">Sámi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Sámi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Akkala_S%C3%A1mi" title="Akkala Sámi">Akkala</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Kainuu_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kainuu Sámi">Kainuu</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Kemi_S%C3%A1mi" title="Kemi Sámi">Kemi</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Kildin_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kildin Sami">Kildin</a></li>
<li><a href="Skolt_S%C3%A1mi" title="Skolt Sámi">Skolt</a></li>
<li><a href="Ter_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ter Sámi">Ter</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Sámi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Lule_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lule Sámi">Lule</a></li>
<li><a href="Northern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Northern Sámi">Northern</a></li>
<li><a href="Pite_S%C3%A1mi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pite Sámi">Pite</a></li>
<li><a href="Southern_S%C3%A1mi" title="Southern Sámi">Southern</a></li>
<li><a href="Ume_S%C3%A1mi" title="Ume Sámi">Ume</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unclassified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Bjarmian_languages" title="Bjarmian languages">Bjarmian Sámi</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mordvinic_languages" title="Mordvinic languages">Mordvinic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Erzya_language" title="Erzya language">Erzya</a>
<ul><li><a href="Shoksha_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoksha dialect">Shoksha dialect</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Moksha_language" title="Moksha language">Moksha</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mari_language" title="Mari language">Mari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Hill_Mari_language" title="Hill Mari language">Hill Mari</a></li>
<li><a href="Meadow_Mari_language" title="Meadow Mari language">Meadow Mari</a></li>
<li><a href="Northwestern_Mari_language" title="Northwestern Mari language">Northwestern Mari</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Permic_languages" title="Permic languages">Permic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Komi
<ul><li><a href="Komi-Permyak_language" title="Komi-Permyak language">Permyak</a></li>
<li><a href="Komi-Yazva_language" title="Komi-Yazva language">Yazva</a></li>
<li><a href="Komi_language" title="Komi language">Zyryan</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a>
<ul><li><a href="Besermyan#Culture" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ugric_languages" title="Ugric languages">Ugric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Ob-Ugric_languages" title="Ob-Ugric languages">Eastern Ugric</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Khanty_languages" title="Khanty languages">Khanty</a>
<ul><li><a href="Northern_Khanty_language" title="Northern Khanty language">Northern Khanty</a></li>
<li><a href="Southern_Khanty_language" title="Southern Khanty language">Southern Khanty</a></li>
<li><a href="Eastern_Khanty_language" title="Eastern Khanty language">Eastern Khanty</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mansi_languages" title="Mansi languages">Mansi</a>
<ul><li><a href="Northern_Mansi" title="Northern Mansi">Northern Mansi</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Western_Mansi_language" title="Western Mansi language">Western Mansi</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Eastern_Mansi" title="Eastern Mansi">Eastern Mansi</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Southern_Mansi_language" title="Southern Mansi language">Southern Mansi</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Ugric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Samoyedic_languages" title="Samoyedic languages">Samoyedic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Enets_language" title="Enets language">Enets</a></li>
<li><i><a href="Kamas_language" title="Kamas language">Kamas</a></i>
<ul><li><i><a href="Koibal_dialect" title="Koibal dialect">Koibal</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Mator_language" title="Mator language">Mator</a></i>
<ul><li><i><a href="Taygi_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Taygi language">Taygi</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Karagas_language_(Uralic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karagas language (Uralic)">Karagas</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Nenets_languages" title="Nenets languages">Nenets</a>
<ul><li><a href="Forest_Nenets_language" title="Forest Nenets language">Forest Nenets</a></li>
<li><a href="Tundra_Nenets_language" title="Tundra Nenets language">Tundra Nenets</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Nganasan_language" title="Nganasan language">Nganasan</a></li>
<li><a href="Selkup_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Selkup language">Selkup</a>
<ul><li><a href="Northern_Selkup_language" title="Northern Selkup language">Northern</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="Yurats_language" title="Yurats language">Yurats</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><i><a href="Merya_language" title="Merya language">Merya</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Meshchera_language" title="Meshchera language">Meshcherian</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="Muromian_language" title="Muromian language">Muromian</a></i></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconstructed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Proto-Uralic_language" title="Proto-Uralic language">Proto-Uralic</a>
<ul><li><a href="Proto-Uralic_homeland" title="Proto-Uralic homeland">homeland</a></li>
<li><a href="Proto-Finnic_language" title="Proto-Finnic language">Proto-Finnic</a>
<ul><li><a href="Proto-Karelian_language" title="Proto-Karelian language">Proto-Karelian</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Proto-S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Proto-Sámi language">Proto-Sámi</a></li>
<li><a href="Proto-Samoyedic_language" title="Proto-Samoyedic language">Proto-Samoyedic</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>
<ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="Language_death" title="Language death">extinct languages</a></li>
<li>Languages between parentheses are <a href="Variety_(linguistics)" title="Variety (linguistics)">varieties</a> of the language on their left.</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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